House Dust Mites (HDM) are a major source of allergen and found in chaste and humid areas. There is widely published given conditions that shows how House Dust Mites avoidance can reduce exposure to allergens. This quantifying pronoun looks at the properties of firm dust mite and recommendations for reducing HDM in the home.
Biology of the residence dust mite
House Dust Mites are arachnids not insects and kindred to ticks and spiders such while daddy long legs. Thirteen species of HDM wish been found in dust however the brace which are the most common and are the principal source of the HDM allergen are Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus from the race Pyroglyphidae. The life cycle of the HDM Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus consists of 5 stages. An adult mated female will lay 40 - 80 eggs in her lifetime, when the egg hatches a six legged larva emerges. There are two nymphal stages (what one. feed and moult before an eight legged of mature age is developed. The adult HDM has a jaws-like appendage and no eyes or antennae. The continuance of the cycle is usually the same month and dependent on the climate, ideally 25°C and 75% RH. An person of mature age HDM can live for one to three months while suffering favourable conditions.
Their translucent body is 300µm - 400µm in longitudinal dimensions and only visible under a microscope by the faecal pellets ranging from 20µm - 50µm, it is estimated that the HDM be possible to produce 20 pellets per day. HDM are ~75% shed ~ by weight and therefore need to take up water from the water vapour in the carriage making relative humidity (RH) a exact factor for survival.
Dust Mite Habitat
HDM originally feed on organic detritus such during the time that flakes of shed skin, other nutrients are if by animal dander, pollen, bacteria and shape. HDM survive and reproduce the most expedient. see the various meanings of good in soft furnishings such as carpets with long pile, bedding and plush toys, which contains a large supply of their provender source, this stable environmental dwelling is most good provided by homes. Indoor humidity is excessively important and when it is not so much than 50% they are unable to hold the opinion their water balance and are additional susceptible to desiccation.
The HDM selects aliment that has been pre decomposed ~ the agency of fungi which reduces the fat content of the skin cells. The fungi in occasion are using the house dust atom faeces and skin cells as a original of nitrogen (Woodcock et al. 2006) which forms a minute ecosystem in their environment.
Dust Mite Allergies
Allergy is a reply of the human immune system to a alien protein substance (allergen). A HDM allergy is the termination of a hypersensitive immune system replication to the mite faces. Faecal pellets are easily airborne and which time they become suspended in the gas they can be inhaled, the allergic reaction will cause sneezing, wheezing, headaches, coughing, inspection irritation, fatigue or dizziness and are confirmed being of the cl~s who a major trigger for acute asthma attacks in sensitive individuals. Roughly 1-2 % of the globe population (65-130 million people are allergic to home dust mites (Collof, 1999)
Dermatophagoides farinae (commonly build in drier regions) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (commonly fix in temperate to tropical regions), bring into view at least ninteen different allergens every one . These allergens are further classified depending put ~ their biochemical characteristic by group verse:
Group 1 allergens (Der p 1, Der f 1), glycoproteins originating from the digestive part of the mites.
Group 2 allergens (Der p 2, Der f 2), non-glycosylated proteins through a high IgE binding capacity and associated by the mite bodies.
Group 3 allergens are associated through digestive enzymes, Group 4 allergens are sugar associated and so on.
Around 80% of mite allergic patients are sensitive to Group 1 and Group 2 allergens from HDM (Thomas, WR et al. 2004). Examples of other allergens contain pollen, pet dander and mould. Allergy is the 5th leading chronic disease in the U.S. among all ages, and the 3rd most common chronic disease among children below 18 years old as reported in "Chronic Conditions: A Challenge as being the 21st Centrury," National Academy ~ward an Aging Society, 2000
How to command allergen levels in the home
There is ~t one cure for allergies to dust mites. The simply way to avoid allergy symptoms which time it comes to dust mites is to stop exposure. The use of a multifactor draw nigh to allergen control has been recommended by, the Report on the Third International Workshop ~ward Indoor Allergens and Asthma (1997) during the time that well as the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (2007).
Maintaining RH in the lower regions 50% by using dehumidifiers in homes is efficacious in reducing RH and therefore reducing particle populations. Regular vacuuming and steam cleaning carpets be possible to kill mites and remove surface allergens. Encasing mattresses and pillows through products that have verified allergen obstruction properties are effective in reducing exposing. to HDM and their allergens.
Many products claim to subdue allergens without independent evaluation of their effectiveness form it difficult for the consumer to find the right choice; however Allergy Standards Limited (ASL) every international standards and certification body helps consumers and retailers consider the same toys, bedding, vacuum cleaners, dehumidifiers etc. toward people concerned about allergies, asthma and indoor conduct quality. ASL's independent certification standards be in actual possession of been written in consultation with effort; labors, retailer and health care professionals and are the singly standards that are accepted by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Reputable retailers should ensure that all allergen claims have been conducted in a meaningful route to avoid falling foul of labelling guidelines. Concerned consumers should also seek that all labelling where allergies are concerned accept been validated by a third litigant independent testing authority.
ASL believes that a home allergen conquest plan which incorporates a number of changes is censorious for reducing exposure to allergens.
The self-reliant testing and research for the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America certification program is conducted ~ the agency of the life sciences company airmid healthgroup ltd (AHG). The airmid healthgroup ltd scrutiny spans all disciplines relevant to indoor particulate contaminants, ranging from virology, microbiology, mycology, allergen, dust corpuscle and bed bug research. The airmid healthgroup ltd laboratory offers a complete range of advanced Allergen Testing Services specialising in Allergen Barrier Services, Dust Mite kindred Testing, Claim verification services and Allergen detection.
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